Validation of Analiytical Method and Determination of Encapsulated Retinol Content Using UV Spectrophotometric Method
Main Article Content
Page: 2842-2851
Abstract
Retinol is a widely used active anti-aging ingredient in cosmetic products, but it is unstable to light and oxidation. Encapsulation technology enhances its stability and reduces skin irritation, yet complicates its quantitative analysis. This study aims to validate a UV spectrophotometric method for determining the concentration of encapsulated retinol in BPOM-labeled commercial serum preparations. Validation was carried out for linearity, accuracy, intraday precision and interday precision, LOD, and LOQ according to AOAC (2002) and ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Sample preparation involved sonication to release retinol from its encapsulating matrix prior to measurement. The maximum wavelength was observed at 325 nm using ethanol as solvent. The calibration curve yielded the equation y = 0.139x + 0.0033 with R2 = 0.998, indicating excellent linearity. Recovery ranged from 92-105%, while precision showed %RSD < 2%, confirming high reproducibility. LOD and LOQ were 0.01 ppm and 0.03 ppm, respectively. Specificity evaluation demonstrated that both the standard and sample solution exhibited a maximum peak at 325 nm, whereas the blank serum matrixs showed a distinct peak at 280 nm with no absorbance at the analytical wavelength, confirming the selectivity of the method. Thus, the UV spectrophotometric method was validated and proven suitable for the routine quantification of free retinol released from encapsulated system in commercial skincare serums.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Zasada M, Budzisz E. Retinoids: Active molecules influencing skin structure formation in cosmetic and dermatological treatments. Postep Dermatologii i Alergol 2019;36:392–7. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2019.87443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2019.87443
Vállez‐gomis V, Carchano‐olcina S, Azorín C, Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Simultaneous Quantification of Vitamin A and Derivatives in Cosmetic Products by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection. Separations 2022;9. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9020040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9020040
Fatimah SF, Lukitaningsih E, Martien R, Nugroho AK. Validation of Analytical Method for Vitamin A in Bioadhesive Ocular Cationic Nanoemulsion Loaded into Thermosensitive Gel Using RP-HPLC. Indones J Chem 2024;24:1349–60. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.93395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.93395
Permata Shella T, Ratnasari D, Natalie Cahyani T, Adit Adzkia M, Valentin D, Az-Zahraa A. Systematic Review: Optimization of Retinol Stability in Cosmetics Formulations. J Ilm Farm Bahari 2025;16:57–67.
Shields CW, White JP, Osta EG, Patel J, Rajkumar S, Kirby N, et al. Encapsulation and controlled release of retinol from silicone particles for topical delivery. J Control Release 2018;278:37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.023
Goudon F, Clément Y, Ripoll L. Controlled release of retinol in cationic co-polymeric nanoparticles for topical application. Cosmetics 2020;7:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/COSMETICS7020029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7020029
Chmykh YG, Nadeau JL. Characterization of Retinol Stabilized in Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles with and without Antioxidants. ACS Omega 2020;5:18367–75. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c02102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c02102
Lombardo D, Kiselev MA. Methods of Liposomes Preparation: Formation and Control Factors of Versatile Nanocarriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application. Pharmaceutics 2022;14. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030543
Huang XC, Darwish AS, Darwish WS, Chen RM, Ma JK. Green rapid HPLC method for testing retinol and tocopherol in ophthalmic gels. Talanta Open 2025;12:100538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2025.100538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2025.100538
Hidayah H, Siti M, Amelia T, Helsen. Perbandingan Metode Analisis Instrumen HPLC dan Spektrofotometer UV- VISPerbandingan Metode Analisis Instrumen HPLC dan Spektrofotometer UV- VIS 2024;10:1–23.
Hanwar D, Nitoviani DE, Suhendi A. Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method for Contamination Determination of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Methanol Extract and Product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. JKPK (Jurnal Kim Dan Pendidik Kim 2018;2:198. https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v2i3.11968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v2i3.11968
Peraturan BPOM Nomor 3 Tahun 2022. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 Tentang Persyaratan Teknis Klaim Kosmetika Dengan Rahmat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan 2022:1–32.
AOAC. Guidelines for single laboratory validation of chemical methods for dietary supplements and botanicals. AOAC Int 2002:1–38.
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1). vol. 1994. Geneva: 2005.
Harmono HD. Validasi Metode Analisis Logam Merkuri (Hg) Terlarutn pada Air Permukaan dengan Automatic Mercury Analyzer. Indones J Lab 2020;2:11. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v2i3.57047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v2i3.57047
Pratiwi AA, Mulyadi D, Anwar DI. Validasi Metode Analisis Pengujian Sefotaksim Natrium dalam Sediaan Serbuk Injeksi dengan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Berk Ilm Kim Farm 2023;10:26–30. https://doi.org/10.20473/bikfar.v10i2.47179.Copyright.
Thermo Fisher Scientific. Analysis of Vitamin A Within Cod Liver Oil : Use for Derivatives in UV-Visible Absorption Techniques 2023.
Rahman II, Nurfauziyya LA, Ode L, Jl A, Syekh KH, Km N, et al. Spektrofotometri UV-VIS dalam Penentuan Nilai SPF pada Tabir Surya Ekstrak Alam dengan intensitas scahaya yang diserap oleh suatu sampel . Pada Panjang gelombang tertentu. J Kesehat Amanah 2025:386–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57214/jka.v9i1.901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57214/jka.v9i1.901
Irawan A. Kalibrasi Spektrofotometer Sebagai Penjaminan Mutu Hasil Pengukuran Dalam Kegiatan Penelitian Dan Pengujian. Indones J Lab 2019;1:1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v1i2.44750
Julan M, Febria Leswana N, Linden S. Identifikasi Kandungan Hidrokuinon Dalam Krim Pemutih Yang Beredar Di Pasar Segiri Kota Samarinda Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Visible. Pharmacon 2023;12:244–51.
Chakti Ari S, Simaremare ES, Pratiwi RD. Analisis Merkuri Dan Hidrokuinon Pada Krim Pemutih Yang Beredar Di Jayapura. JST (Jurnal Sains Dan Teknol 2019;8:1–11. https://doi.org/10.23887/jst-undiksha.v8i1.11813. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v8i1.11813
Rollando R, Claudya M, Yoedistira CD, Monica E. Development of Validation of Multivariate Derivative and Chemometric Spectrophotometer Methods in Cosmetic Preparations Containing Niacinamide and Vitamin C Brightening Cosmetics. J Wiyata 2023;10:120–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56710/wiyata.v10i2.720
Iman A Al, Auli, Winni Nur S. Validation and development of UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis methods for alpha-tocopherol acetate Validasi dan pengembangan metode analisis spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada alfa tokoferol asetat dikenal sebagai sindrom pernapasan akut coronavirus-2 ( SARS-. J Ilm Farm 2023;19:87–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/jif.vol19.iss1.art8
Irnawati, Handoyo Sahumena M, Dewi WON. Analisis Hidrokuinon Pada Krim Pemutih Wajah Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. J Ilm Farm - UNSRAT 2016;5:230–7.
Fahira SM, Ananto AD, Hajrin W. Analisis Kandungan Hidrokuinon Dalam Krim Pemutih Yang Beredar Di Beberapa Pasar Kota Mataram Dengan Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet-Visibel 2021;3. https://doi.org/10.20414/spin.v3i1.3299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/spin.v3i1.3299
Wahyuni AM, Afthoni MH, Rollando R. Pengembangan dan Validasi Metode Analisis Spektrofotometri UV Vis Derivatif untuk Deteksi Kombinasi Hidrokortison Asetat dan Nipagin pada Sediaan Krim. Sainsbertek J Ilm Sains Teknol 2022;3:239–47. https://doi.org/10.33479/sb.v3i1.181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33479/sb.v3i1.181
Sulistyani M, Kusumastuti E, Huda N, Mukhayani F. Method Validation on Functional Groups Analysis of Geopolymer with Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) as Additive Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). Indones J Chem Sci 2021;10:198–105.
Setyadi D, Ariyanti. Analisa Kuantitatif Tablet Retinol (Vitamin a) Secara Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet Visibel Yang Beredar Di Wilayah Kabupaten Kendal. Farmasetis 2017;2:1–9.
RI D. Farmakope Indonesia Edisi VI. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5096.601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5096.601
Muryanto M. Validasi Metode Analisa Amonia pada Air Tanah Menggunakan Metode Spectrofotometri. Indones J Lab 2020;2:40. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v2i1.54490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v2i1.54490
Angger Ratnawati N, Tri Prasetya A, Endah Fitriani Rahayu. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Validasi Metode Pengujian Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dengan Destruksi Basah Menggunakan FAAS dalam Sedimen Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat Semarang. J Chem Sci 2019;8:62.
Phansi P, Ferreira S, Cerd V. Trends in Analytical Chemistry From mono- to multicomponent methods in UV-VIS spectrophotometric and fl uorimetric quantitative analysis e A review 2022;157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116772. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116772
Tutik FD, Qomariyah LN, Putri MY, Aulia HR, Pratiwi ED. Manfaat Ceramide untuk Perawatan Kulit : Review. Maj Farmasetika 2025;10:1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24198/mfarmasetika.v10i1.39330 Artikel.
SCSS. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety SCCS REVISION of the scientific Opinion (SCCS/1576/16) on vitamin A (Retinol, Retinyl Acetate, Retinyl Palmitate). vol. 1639. 2022.
Shella TP, Ratnasari D, Cahyani TN, Adzkia MA, Valentin D, Az-zahraa A, et al. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Systematic Review : Optimization Of Retinol Stability In Cosmetics Formulations 2025:57–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52434/jifb.v16i1.41811
Wardana FY, Lestari YS, Aprilianti RG. Analisis Kadar Asam Retinoat dalam Krim Pemutih Malam di Kota Malang. Pharmademica J Kefarmasian Dan Gizi 2022;1:58–68. https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.17