Intervensi Apoteker Dalam Edukasi dan Pengelolaan Pada Obesitas Sebagai Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2: Tinjauan Literatur
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Obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan berkontribusi besar terhadap meningkatnya prevalensi Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Apoteker memiliki peran penting dalam promosi kesehatan dan upaya pencegahan melalui edukasi pasien serta konseling gaya hidup sehat. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk merangkum dan menganalisis secara kritis berbagai intervensi yang dipimpin oleh apoteker dalam pengelolaan obesitas sebagai upaya pencegahan DMT2. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan menggunakan Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan kata kunci “Apoteker,” “Obesitas,” “Diabetes Tipe 2,” dan “Perubahan Gaya Hidup.” Dari hasil pencarian, diperoleh sepuluh studi intervensi internasional yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa intervensi apoteker seperti edukasi terstruktur, optimalisasi pengobatan, konseling motivasional, dan pemantauan klinis mampu meningkatkan penurunan berat badan, indeks massa tubuh, kadar HbA1c, serta kepatuhan terhadap perilaku hidup sehat. Apoteker juga berperan penting dalam deprescribing, pemantauan hasil metabolik, dan dukungan terhadap perawatan mandiri pasien. Secara keseluruhan, keterlibatan apoteker dalam pencegahan obesitas dan pengelolaan DMT2 memberikan manfaat klinis yang nyata dan berpotensi diintegrasikan ke dalam sistem kesehatan nasional untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat
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