Interaksi Obat dalam Terapi Insulin pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1: Studi Retrospektif
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Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1 merupakan penyakit autoimun kronis yang menyebabkan destruksi sel β pankreas, sehingga menimbulkan defisiensi insulin absolut dan hiperglikemia. Insulin tetap menjadi terapi utama; namun, penggunaannya dapat dipersulit oleh adanya interaksi obat yang memengaruhi efektivitas terapi melalui mekanisme farmakodinamik maupun farmakokinetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi prevalensi dan mekanisme interaksi obat potensial dengan insulin pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan metode total sampling. Lokasi penelitian adalah di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dengan populasi seluruh pasien rawat inap yang didiagnosis Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1 pada periode 2019–2022. Karakteristik pasien, pola terapi insulin, serta kejadian interaksi obat dianalisis. Mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan (70%) dan sebagian besar berada pada kelompok usia 0–18 tahun (83%). Terapi insulin diresepkan pada 86,6% kasus. Potensi interaksi obat ditemukan pada 33,3% pasien, dengan dominasi mekanisme farmakodinamik. Regimen insulin basal–bolus merupakan terapi yang paling banyak digunakan. Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara metrik polifarmasi dengan insiden interaksi obat. Pemantauan sistematis tetap diperlukan, dan penelitian prospektif dengan jumlah sampel lebih besar disarankan untuk mengonfirmasi temuan ini.
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