Eksplorasi Kualitas Hidup dan Kepercayaan Obat terhadap Ketidakpatuhan Pasien Hemodialisis
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Latar Belakang: Kepatuhan pengobatan yang buruk banyak terjadi pada pasien hemodialisis dan dikaitkan dengan hasil klinis yang tidak diinginkan. Namun, faktor-faktor seperti kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan (QoL) dan keyakinan terhadap pengobatan masih kurang diteliti sebagai penentu ketidakpatuhan pada populasi ini.Tujuan: Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bukti mengenai hubungan antara kualitas hidup, keyakinan terhadap pengobatan, dan ketidakpatuhan farmakologis pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis (HD). Metode: Penelusuran literatur komprehensif dilakukan menggunakan database elektronik (PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar) untuk studi observasional yang diterbitkan dari Januari 2015 hingga 2 Juli 2025. Studi dimasukkan jika melibatkan pasien hemodialisis dewasa dan mengkaji QoL dan/atau keyakinan terhadap pengobatan dalam kaitannya dengan ketidakpatuhan farmakologis. Hasil: Enam studi observasional, yang mencakup total 1.698 pasien hemodialisis dari berbagai negara, memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Bukti yang disintesis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup yang lebih buruk (khususnya depresi dan kualitas tidur yang buruk), beban gejala fisik yang lebih tinggi, dan keyakinan spesifik terhadap pengobatan (misalnya, kekhawatiran akan efek samping dan persepsi rendah tentang kebutuhan pengobatan) secara signifikan terkait dengan peningkatan ketidakpatuhan. Kesimpulan: Ketidakpatuhan pada pasien hemodialisis dipengaruhi oleh interaksi kompleks faktor-faktor psikososial, termasuk QoL dan keyakinan individu terhadap pengobatan. Untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan, intervensi perlu dikembangkan untuk menargetkan faktor-faktor ini melalui edukasi kesehatan, dukungan psikologis, dan perawatan yang berpusat pada pasien. Penelitian lanjutan dengan pendekatan integratif dan kontekstual sangat diperlukan untuk memperkuat pemahaman dan mengembangkan intervensi yang lebih efektif.
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