The Effectiveness of Small Frequent Feedings on the Frequency of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum at the Vina Primary Care Clinic in Medan
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Abstract
Background: Small frequent feedings (SFF) is a dietary approach intended to improve food tolerance in pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting. Objective: To assess changes in symptom severity following SFF at Vina Primary Care Clinic, Medan. Methods: A single-group pretest–posttest study included 36 pregnant women with a clinical diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum. The protocol prescribed six to eight small meals daily, supported by food diaries and WhatsApp monitoring. Symptoms were assessed on days 1 and 3 using the 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE-24) scale. Paired scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Mean PUQE-24 scores decreased from 9.28 ± 3.248 to 6.83 ± 3.140, with a mean paired reduction of 2.44 points (Z = −5.103; p < 0.001; r = 0.85). Median scores decreased from 9.0 to 6.0. The proportion with mild symptoms increased from 25.00% to 61.11%, while the proportion with severe symptoms decreased from 22.22% to 8.33%. Scores decreased in 34 participants, remained unchanged in one, and increased by one point in one. Twenty participants (55.56%) met the reported adherence threshold. Conclusion: SFF accompanied by education and monitoring was associated with lower PUQE-24 scores during short-term observation. The uncontrolled design precludes causal attribution; controlled studies are needed before its specific effectiveness can be established.
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