Nephroprotective Effect of Cherry Leaf Extract on Rat Model of Nephrotoxicity: Biochemical, Histopathological, Antioxidant, and Cytokine Analysis
Article metrics
OJS usage and citation sourcesViews and downloads are recorded by OJS; statistics processing may be delayed. A dash means the source count is unavailable. Search Google Scholar
Article Sidebar
Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis, Razoki, Novitaria Br. Sembiring, Nina Nurdiana Hasibuan, Miranda Simanjuntak, Rikki DP Turnip, Gabriella Tarigan (2026). Nephroprotective Effect of Cherry Leaf Extract on Rat Model of Nephrotoxicity: Biochemical, Histopathological, Antioxidant, and Cytokine Analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1339
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to renal damage. Natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are potential nephroprotective agents. Muntingia calabura L. leaves are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of Muntingia calabura L. leaf ethanol extract in a gentamicin-induced rat model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, negative control (gentamicin), and treatment groups receiving extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW. Renal function, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activity, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: The extract demonstrated dose-dependent nephroprotective activity, with the 400 mg/kgBW dose showing the most optimal effect in improving renal function, reducing inflammatory responses, and preserving kidney histological structure. Conclusion: Muntingia calabura L. leaf extract exhibits nephroprotective potential through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, supporting its development as a natural therapeutic candidate.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Cahyani ED, Prasetya RA, Ma'rifah I, Widia DNT, Dewi TS, Putri S. In vivo nephroprotective effect of herbal plants towards gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: A literature review. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi. 2022;18(2):178–91. doi: 10.20885/jif.vol18.iss2.art17. Link: https://journal.uii.ac.id/JIF/article/view/25041
Anggraini D. Aspek klinis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium penyakit ginjal kronik. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2022;9(2):236–39. doi: 10.31602/ann.v9i2.9229. Link: https://ojs.uniska-bjm.ac.id/index.php/ANN/article/view/9229
Anandita NGT. Pengaruh pemberian gentamisin pada dosis terapi terhadap ginjal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal Health Sains. 2021;2(10):1346–50. doi: 10.46799/jhs.v2i10.303. Link: https://healthsains.co.id/index.php/jhs/article/view/303
Kuchekar MC, Upadhye MC, Pujari RR, Kadam S, Gunjal P. Muntingia calabura: A comprehensive review. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences. 2021;9(2):81–87. Link: https://jpbs.in/archive/volume/9/issue/2/article/2056
Khotimah A, Chatri M. Article Review: Potensi Tanaman Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Sebagai Antioksidan. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai. 2024;8(1):15822–31. doi: 10.31004/jptam.v8i1.14625. Link: https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/14625
Fadira N, Lubis AA, Yunus M. Nephroprotective Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Ethanol Extract on Rifampicin-Induced Rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. 2025;8(3):1698–712. doi: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i3.1020. Link: https://journaljps.com/index.php/jps/article/view/1020
Hafizsha NL, Gunanti, Noviana D, Widhyari SD. Konsentrasi IL-6 Serum terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Pemasangan Implan Paduan Logam pada Babi (Sus scrofa). Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana. 2021;9(1):21–9. doi: 10.29244/avi.9.1.21-29. Link: https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/actavetindones/article/view/33498
Abd-elkareem M, Soliman M, El-rahman MAMA, Khalil NSA. Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed on the Kidney of Monosodium Glutamate Challenged Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022;13:789988. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.789988. Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.789988/full
Mutammimah S, Supriyanto S, Mu'tamar MFF. Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction. Rekayasa. 2022;15(1):21–28. doi: 10.21107/rekayasa.v15i1.13229. Link: https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/rekayasa/article/view/13229
Putri CDI, Najib SZ. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Toksisitas pada Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) di Bangkalan. Indonesian Journal Pharmaceutical and Herbal Medicine. 2022;1(2):66–71. Link: https://www.neliti.com/publications/410740
Nisa M, Bonita S. Effect of drying temperature on flavonoid content and stability of Muntingia calabura L. leaves. J Pharm Res Sci. 2025;11(2):101–107.
Koopan S, Jiraprasertwong P. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of Muntingia calabura leaf extracts. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2020;13(9):67–73.
Ismirza U, Azizah Z, Zulharmita, Yeni CF. Skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air dari daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Jurnal Farmasi Higea. 2025;17(2):163–169.
Perdana Kusumaningrum¹, Untung Sudharmono², Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Advent Indonesia Bandung Effectiveness of Boiled Cherry Leaf (muntingia calabura L) Toward Ureum Creatinine Serum of Wistar Strain Mice with Acute RenalFailure Model Volume 7 Issue 1, October 2019, pp.727-743
Hasanah LS, Saputri GAR, Perangin Angin M. Uji aktivitas nefroprotektif ekstrak akuosa sarang burung walet putih (Collocalia fuciphaga) pada tikus Wistar yang diinduksi gentamisin. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2026;13(3):587–595.
Dewi IP, Aldiana M, Viadina ZA, Fajrin FA, Holidah D, Christianty FM. Nephroprotective effect of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves ethanol extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2024;15(3):208–213.
Akbar DR, Yonata A, Ratna MG, Darwis I. Literature review: gagal ginjal akut akibat nefrotoksisitas gentamisin. Medula. 2024;14(9):1721–1727.
Singh R, Sharma P, Gupta A. Kidney histopathological changes in drug-induced toxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022.
Kumar A, Verma S, Singh D. Histopathological evaluation of drug-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental models. Toxicol Rep. 2021.
Ali BH, Al Suleimani YM, Al Za’abi M. Gentamicin nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms and protective strategies. Pharmacol Res. 2022.
Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021.
Nguyen TT, et al. Flavonoids as natural antioxidants: Structure, activity, and applications. Molecules. 2022.
Rahman M, et al. Herbal medicines as nephroprotective agents. Front Pharmacol. 2023.
Sulaiman MR, Zakaria ZA, Mohamad AS. Muntingia calabura: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020.
Kang S, Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. Targeting interleukin-6 signaling in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Med. 2020.
Albukhari, T.A., Bagadood, R.M., Bokhari, B.T., Filimban, W.A., Sembawa, H., Nasreldin, N., Gadalla, H.E., & El-Boshy, M.E. (2025). Chrysin Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats Through Modulation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation via Regulation of Nrf2/AKT and NF-κB/KIM-1 Pathways. Biomedicines, 13(2), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020271
Chen, Y.-Q., Chen, H.-Y., Tang, Q.-Q., Li, Y.-F., Liu, X.-S., Lu, F.-H., & Gu, Y.-Y. (2022). Protective Effect of Quercetin on Kidney Diseases: From Chemistry to Herbal Medicines. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 968226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.968226
Widyaningrum, N.R., Wahyuningsih, S.S., & Priyono, C. (2022). Antiinflammation Activity of Muntingia calabura L. Leaves Ethanol, Ethylacetate and Chloroform Extracts. Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 11(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.22487/25411969.2022.v11.i1.15699
Arlandi, C.B., Rahmawati, S., Wulan, A.J., & Susianti. (2023). Uji Toksisitas Akut Oral Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Sprague-Dawley Berdasarkan Guideline Uji OECD No.423. Medula, 13(5), 870–878.
Linder MC. Biochemistry of Nutrition. New York: Elsevier; 1992.
Nadeem, R.I., Aboutaleb, A.S., Younis, N.S., & Ahmed, H.I. (2023). Diosmin Mitigates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Insights on miR-21 and -155 Expression, Nrf2/HO-1 and p38-MAPK/NF-κB Pathways. Toxics, 11(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010048