Anti-Acne Activity of Jamblang Seed (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels) Ethanol Extract in Emulgel Preparation
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Page: 2206-2214
Abstract
Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels) contains antibacterial compounds and can be formulated into an emulgel form. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of ethanolic extract from jamblang seeds, develop emulgel formulations, and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The extraction was performed using 96% ethanol through maceration, followed by phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing using the well diffusion method. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. Antibacterial testing of jamblang seed extract against S. aureus and S. epidermidis at various concentrations demonstrated significant inhibition. The emulgel formulations were prepared using jamblang seed extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, with 3% HPMC as the gelling agent. The emulgel exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with the largest inhibition zones observed in the 15% formulation (F3), measuring 21.44 ± 0.21 mm against S. aureus and 19.02 ± 0.60 mm against S. epidermidis. Stability tests showed that the organoleptic properties and homogeneity remained stable. The pH, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability tests met the criteria for quality preparations, and irritation tests showed no adverse skin reactions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in antibacterial activity among all emulgel formulations. In conclusion, Formula F3 (15% extract) showed the best antibacterial activity and met all physical evaluation parameters, confirming that the jamblang seed emulgel is a high-quality and safe formulation. A paired t-test showed all parameters were statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
. Putri DD, Furqon MT, Perdana RS. Klasifikasi penyakit kulit pada manusia menggunakan metode Binary Decision Tree Support Vector Machine (BDTSVM) (Studi Kasus: Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang). J Pengemb Teknol Inf dan Ilmu Komput. 2018;2(5):1912–1920.
. Sari AN. Antioksidan alternatif untuk menangkal bahaya radikal bebas pada kulit. Elkawnie. 2015;1(1):63–68.
. Setiawan PF, Alvina D, Subandriyo JR, Paramitha PK, Widhiastuti SS. Salep ekstrak daun jamblang (Syzygium cumini) sebagai penghambat bakteri Propionibacterium acnes penyebab jerawat. Biota J. Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati. 2024;17(1):12–22.
. Wiendarlina IK, Indriati D, Rosa M. Aktivitas antibakteri losion anti jerawat yang mengandung ekstrak daun beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.). Fitofarmaka J. Ilm. Farm. 2019;9(1):16–25.
. Kothari V, Seshadri S, Mehta P. Fractionation of antibacterial extracts of Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) seeds. Res Biotechnol. 2011;2(6):53–63.
. Rusli D. Formulasi krim clindamycin sebagai anti jerawat dan uji efektivitas terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. J Penelit Sains. 2019;19(2):82–85.
. Marliani L, Sari NI, Yuniarti S. Aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan senyawa fenolat biji jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels). J Farm Galen. 2013;1(2):43–47.
. Y. Liu, J. Zhu, Z. Liu, Y. Zhi, C. Mei, H. Wang, Flavonoids as promising natural compounds for combating bacterial infections, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 26 (6) (2025) 2455.
. J. Liu, X. Chen, S. Li, K. Fang, Y. Sheng, X. Wang, D. Wang, Exploring the antimicrobial mechanisms of flavonoids with phenolic hydroxyl groups: Implications for novel wound dressings, Ind. Crops Prod. 239 (2026) 122400.
. R. Suhartati, F. Apriyani, Khusnul, D.P. Virgianti, M. Fathurohman, Antimicrobial activity test of Mangosteen leaves ethanol extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1179 (2019) 012167. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012167
. Misrahanum M, Rezeki RN, Cazia N, Murniana M, Husnah M. GC-MS analysis and evaluation of combination effect of Syzygium cumini L. Skeels ethanolic seed extract and vancomycin against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Res J Pharm Technol. 2024;17(8):3739–3744.
. Sulistyarini I, Sari DA, Wicaksono TA. Skrining fitokimia senyawa metabolit sekunder pada batang buah naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Cendekia Eksakta. 2020;5(1):56–63.
. Putranti W, Maulana A, Fatimah SF. Formulasi emulgel ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum L.). J Sains Farm Klin. 2019;6(1):7–13.
. Daud NS, Suryanti E. Formulasi emulgel antijerawat minyak nilam (Patchouli oil) menggunakan Tween 80 dan Span sebagai pengemulsi serta HPMC sebagai basis gel. J Mandala Pharmacon Indones. 2017;3(2):90–95.
. Mappa T, Edy HJ, Kojong N. Formulasi gel ekstrak daun sasaladahan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK) dan uji efektivitasnya terhadap luka bakar pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Pharmacon. 2013;2(2):49–55.
. Syurgana MU, Febrina L, Ramadhan AM. Formulasi pasta gigi dari limbah cangkang telur bebek. Proc Mulawarman Pharm Conf. 2017; 6:127–140.
. Afianti, Murrukmihadi. Pengaruh variasi kadar gelling agent HPMC terhadap sifat fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri sediaan gel ekstrak etanolik daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L. forma citratum Back). Maj Farm. 2015;11(2):313–314.
. Regina O, Sudrajad H, Syaflita D. Measurement of viscosity using an alternative viscometer. J Geliga Sains. 2018;6(2):127–132.
. Sayuti NA. Formulasi dan uji stabilitas fisik sediaan gel ekstrak daun ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.). J Kefarmasian Indones. 2015;5(2):74–82.
. Jufri M, Gozan M, Suyono EA. Formulation, stability test and in vitro penetration test of emulgel from tobacco leaves extract. J Young Pharmacists. 2018;10(2S):S69–S74.
. Daud NS, Suryanti E, dkk. Uji stabilitas fisik sediaan emulgel minyak nilam (patchouli oil) dengan variasi konsentrasi agen gelling HPMC. J Mandala Pharmacon Indones. 2017;3(2):96–101.
. Yusriana CS, Budi CS, Dewi T. Uji daya hambat infusa daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. J Permata Indones. 2014;5(2):1–7.
. Salenda CM. Pengaruh konsentrasi basis gel ekstrak etanol daun tapak kuda (Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.) terhadap aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacon. 2018;7(3):214–222.
. Hakim ZR, Isnaini PK, Genatrika E. Formulasi, evaluasi sifat fisik, dan uji efektivitas tabir surya losion ekstrak buah jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels). Pharmacy J Farm Indones. 2020;17(1):225–240