Global Research Trends in Three-Dimensional Breast Cancer Models: A Bibliometric Analysis (2007–2025)
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Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) culture models have emerged as a promising preclinical platform for breast cancer research because they better mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME) of conventional two-dimensional cultures. With advances in tissue engineering, research related to 3D models has grown rapidly, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of global research trends. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Scopus database covering publications from 2007 to 2025, and only original research articles were included. Bibliometric indicators, including annual scientific output, leading countries, institutions, authors, journals, highly cited publications and collaboration patterns, were analyzed using Biblioshiny (R package), while keyword co-occurrence and temporal evolution were visualized using VOSviewer. Results: A total of 207 research articles published by 1,245 authors were analyzed. Scientific output showed a consistent annual growth rate of 13.32%, reflecting the increasing global interest in 3D breast cancer modeling. The United States was the leading contributor in publication productivity and scientific impact, while Biomaterials was the most productive journal. Highly cited publications predominantly focused on advanced tissue engineering technologies, including bioprinting, hydrogels, extracellular matrix engineering and microfluidics. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified seven thematic clusters, while overlay visualization revealed a shift in research from conventional 3D cell culture toward more advanced tissue engineering approaches, particularly in biomaterials, tumor microenvironment reconstruction, drug screening and precision medicine. Conclusion: Research on 3D breast cancer models has evolved into a multidisciplinary field driven by tissue engineering innovations. This study provides a comprehensive knowledge map of the field, highlights emerging research directions and offers valuable guidance for future interdisciplinary collaborations and the development of physiologically relevant in vitro breast cancer models.
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