Bakteri Endofit Pinang Sebagai Penghasil Antioksidan dan Inhibitor α-Glukosidase
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Tiara Balkis, Edy Fachrial, Wienaldi (2025). Bakteri Endofit Pinang Sebagai Penghasil Antioksidan dan Inhibitor α-Glukosidase. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1090
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Pendahuluan: Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis dengan prevalensi tinggi dan risiko komplikasi serius. Fase prediabetes menjadi target penting pencegahan, salah satunya melalui inhibitor α-glukosidase. Namun, obat sintetik seperti acarbose sering menimbulkan efek samping gastrointestinal sehingga diperlukan alternatif yang lebih aman. Mikroba endofit dari tanaman obat, termasuk biji pinang (Areca catechu), berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi bakteri endofit dari biji pinang segar sebagai sumber metabolit dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan inhibitor α-glukosidase. Metode: Biji pinang disterilisasi menggunakan metode surface sterilization, diisolasi bakteri endofit, lalu dikarakterisasi dengan pewarnaan Gram. Kultur difermentasi dalam Nutrient Broth, supernatan dipisahkan dengan sentrifugasi, kemudian diuji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH serta uji inhibitor α-glukosidase secara in vitro dengan substrat p-nitrophenil α-D-glukopiranosida. Acarbose digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil: Diperoleh tujuh isolat endofit (BP1-BP7) berbentuk basil Gram negatif. Isolat BP1 menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan inhibisi 45,7%. Supernatan BP1 mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase hingga 93,6%, setara dengan acarbose (91%). Kesimpulan: Bakteri endofit biji pinang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber bioaktif dual-acting, yaitu antioksidan sekaligus inhibitor α-glukosidase, sehingga layak dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai terapi alternatif antidiabetes yang berkelanjutan.
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