Difference in Hemoglobin Levels Among Adolescent Girls Based on Nutritional Status at SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe
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Abstract
Introduction: Anemia remains a global health problem with high prevalence among adolescent girls, particularly in developing countries. Nutritional status is suggested to play an important role in determining hemoglobin levels through mechanisms of iron deficiency and chronic inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the differences in mean hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls based on nutritional status at SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe. Methods: This observational analytic study employed a cross-sectional design involving 100 female students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a digital Hb meter, body weight using a digital scale, and height using a microtoise. Nutritional status was determined based on body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) using WHO AnthroPlus software. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Most respondents had normal nutritional status (64.0%), with the highest mean hemoglobin level found in the normal nutritional status group (13.030 g/dL) compared to the undernutrition (10.667 g/dL) and overnutrition (11.993 g/dL) groups. One-Way ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0.000). Post hoc analysis showed significant differences between undernutrition and normal nutrition groups (p=0.001), as well as between normal nutrition and overnutrition groups (p=0.004). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in mean hemoglobin levels based on nutritional status among adolescent girls. Normal nutritional status is associated with better hemoglobin levels, suggesting that nutritional interventions and iron supplementation should be intensified particularly among adolescent girls with undernutrition and overnutrition.
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