I Profil pelepasan nanoemulsi ekstrak etanol daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) secara in vitro

Abstract

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves are a source of flavonoid-rich bioactive compounds with potential for nano-based delivery. This study formulated an oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing ethanolic jamblang leaf extract, characterized its physicochemical properties, and evaluated the in vitro release profile and kinetics of quercetin as a marker compound. The extract was obtained by maceration with 70% ethanol and incorporated into a nanoemulsion containing virgin coconut oil, Tween 80, Span 80, propylene glycol, and water. Organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential were evaluated. Quercetin release was assessed using a dialysis-membrane method in pH 4.5 buffer and quantified by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Release data were fitted to zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models. The nanoemulsion had a pH of 4.34 ± 0.09, viscosity of 137.3 ± 1.10 mPa·s, mean droplet size of 88.46 ± 3.46 nm, PDI of 0.05, and zeta potential of +1.027 ± 0.65 mV. Cumulative quercetin release reached 99.56% at 90 min. Among models fitted to the complete release curve, the first-order model provided the best fit (R² = 0.9776; k = 0.0589 min⁻¹). These findings indicate a nanoscale, narrowly distributed system with rapid quercetin release under the selected acidic test condition; extrapolation to other physiological pH conditions requires further study.