Preliminary Evaluation of Moringa oleifera L. Leaf Ethanol Extract on Body-Weight Recovery in Protein-Energy Malnourished Mice
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Elpa Giovana Zola, Safna Elfianti, Eka Syafitri (2026). Preliminary Evaluation of Moringa oleifera L. Leaf Ethanol Extract on Body-Weight Recovery in Protein-Energy Malnourished Mice. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, JPS Volume 9 Nomor 4 (2026). https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i4.1789
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Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a condition caused by inadequate energy and protein intake that may result in body-weight loss and changes in physical condition. Moringa oleifera L. leaves contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that may support nutritional recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effects of 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera L. leaves on body-weight recovery in male Swiss Webster mice with experimentally induced PEM. This laboratory experimental study involved 20 mice divided into five groups: a negative control (K−), a positive control (K+), and three extract-treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3). PEM was induced by feeding a low-protein diet for 21 days, with a body-weight reduction of at least 20% used as the operational criterion. The treatment period lasted 30 days. The extract was administered orally at doses of 0.217, 0.272, and 0.326 mg/kg body weight, while the positive control received zinc sulfate monohydrate at 20 mg/kg body weight. Body weight was measured periodically, and physical condition and activity were observed descriptively. All mice met the induction criterion, with an average body-weight reduction of 20.57 ± 0.40%. The percentage of body-weight gain was 54.83 ± 0.42% in K−, 73.61 ± 0.32% in P1, 84.52 ± 0.57% in P2, 93.44 ± 0.20% in P3, and 95.81 ± 0.49% in K+. Levene’s test indicated unequal variances (p = 0.001); therefore, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used and showed a statistically significant difference among the groups (H = 18.286, df = 4, p = 0.001). The extract-treatment groups showed progressively higher body-weight gains across the tested doses, although this pattern should be interpreted cautiously. These findings provide preliminary evidence that 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera L. leaves may be associated with body-weight recovery in mice with experimentally induced PEM. Further studies with larger samples, controlled individual food-intake measurements, and additional nutritional and biochemical indicators are needed to confirm these findings
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