Evaluation of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in the Treatment of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with ARI in Banjarmasin.
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Page: 1651-1658
Abstract
Introduction: Drug interactions represent a clinically significant drug-related problem that may compromise therapeutic efficacy and increase the risk of adverse events. In pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs), the use of multiple medications is common, potentially elevating the likelihood of drug interactions. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential drug–drug interactions in hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with ARIs in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using secondary data retrieved from the Hospital Management Information System. All medication regimens administered to pediatric inpatients with ARIs from January to June 2024 were analyzed. Drug interaction screening was performed using the Drugs.com Interaction Checker application. Results: Among 81 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 7 patients (8.64%) received treatment regimens with potential drug–drug interactions, accounting for a total of 8 interaction events (mean 1.14 interactions per affected patient). All identified interactions were classified as moderate in severity. Pharmacodynamic interactions were predominant (87.50%), whereas pharmacokinetic mechanisms comprised the remaining 12.50%. The most frequently observed potential interaction was between gentamicin and ceftriaxone (62.50%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of potential drug interactions in this study was relatively low, their presence—particularly moderate-level pharmacodynamic interactions—warrants systematic clinical pharmacy monitoring to enhance patient safety and prevent undesirable clinical outcomes in pediatric ARI management.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
WHO. Medication safety WHO webinar: Global burden of preventable medication-related harm and Policy brief on Medication Without Harm 2024.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2014.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2019.
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Banjarmasin. Data Kesehatan Tahun 2023. Banjarmasin: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Banjarmasin; 2023.
Notiasary M, Siregar T. Kajian Drug Related Problems ( DRPs ) terhadap Pengobatan ISPA pada Pediatri di Klinik Pratama Kabupaten Bogor Periode Januari-Desember 2021 2023;18.
Pramita BKD, Endrawati S, Wahyuningsih SS. Pola pengobatan infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) pediatrik rawat inap Di RSUD Dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso Wonogiri. Indones J Med Sci 2019;6.
Wijayanti AN, Firmantie AI. Profil Peresepan Off-Label Pada Pasien Pediatrik Diagnosa ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) Periode Juni-Agustus 2021 Di Rumah Sakit B Surabaya. J Kesehat Farm 2022:44–50.
Direkorat Jenderal Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan. Pharmaceutical Care Untuk Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan. Jakarta: Direkorat Jenderal Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan; 2018.
Yuswar MA, Purwanti NU. Rationality of the Antibiotics Use in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Infection Patients at Ssma Hospital in Pontianak , Indonesia 2023;03:1018–21.
Kamal AF, Abdelaziz EA, Fahim VF, Saad MH, Badr M. Drug prescribing pattern in upper respiratory tract infections among the pediatric population attending outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals. World J Clin Pediatr 2025;14:100614. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i2.100614.
Wang Y, Han R, Ding X, Chen J, Feng W, Wang C, et al. A 32-year trend analysis of lower respiratory infections in children under 5: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021. Front Public Heal 2025;13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1483179.
Sutrisna EM. Dasar-dasar terapi Rasional. Muhammadiyah University Press; 2017.
Prot-Labarthe S, Di Paolo ER, Lavoie A, Quennery S, Bussières J-F, Brion F, et al. Pediatric drug-related problems: a multicenter study in four French-speaking countries. Int J Clin Pharm 2013;35:251–9.
Rahayuningsih N, Priatna M, Sulistiani DA. Off-Label Drug Use in Acute Respiration Infection Patient at Pangandaran Hospital, Pangandaran District, West Java-Indonesia. Pharmacol Clin Pharm Res 2024;8:211.
Hardani I, Adji A, Setiadi P, Wibowo YI. Analisis Potensi Terjadinya Medication Error Pada Resep Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit “X” Kabupaten Malang 2024;13:18–31.
Grassella YMA, Purwanti NU. Studi rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik dan interaksi obat pada pasien anak terdiagnosis infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) di instalasi rawat jalan RSUD Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Pontianak tahun 2018. J Mhs Farm Fak Kedokt UNTAN 2019;4:1–17.
Rajasekar N, M KK, Sowndarya M, Dhanapal CK, Ramanathan R. Usage of antibiotics and monitoring of drug interactions in pediatrics at a tertiary care teaching hospital 2021;8:1828–32.
Rizqiah A, Damayanti A. Review Interaksi Obat-Obat Potensial Terapi Antibiotik pada Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Pasien Anak Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit. J Pharm Sci Technol 2021;3:209–16.
Napsiah S, Husna N. Kajian Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Pediatrik Dengan Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta. 2021.
Drugs.com. Drugs Interaction Checker n.d.
Husna N, Padmasari S. Gambaran drug related problems (DRPs) terapi farmakologi pasien ISPA pediatrik di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta. J Kesehat Andalas 2021;10:82–7.
Sari AC, Kurniasih FD, Widyapratiwi R. Evaluasi Drug Related Problems (DRPs) pada Pasien Anak ISPA Bagian Atas di Klinik Pratama St. Carolus Paseban Periode Juli-September 2024. Sainstech Farma J Ilmu Kefarmasian 2026;19:13–8.
Abubakar FI, Oche OM, Kaoje AU, Garba BI, Abubakar MJ, Ahmed HK. Prevalence and associated risk factors of acute respiratory tract infections among under-five children in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2025;25:880.
Aprilianti D, Sitanggang HD, Syukri M, Butar M, Fitri A, Studi P, et al. Determinan ISPA pada Balita dengan Ekonomi Rendah di Indonesia (SKI 2023) 2025;6:5882–96.
Amanda D. Hubungan Ketaatan Keluarga Dalam Pengobatan Penyakit Ispa Pada Balita Dengan Kesenbuhan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Gajah Lampung Tengah Tahun 2023. Media Husada J Nurs Sci 2024;5:26–33.
Lubis IPL, Ferusgel A. Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Rumah dan Keberadaan Perokok dalam Rumah dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Desa Silo Bonto Kecamatan Silau Laut Kabupaten Asahan. J Ilm Kesehat Masy Media Komun Komunitas Kesehat Masy 2019;11:166–73.
Nurhikma E. Identifikasi DRPs (drug related problems) penderita ispa pasien pediatrik di instalasi farmasi rumah sakit. War Farm 2017;6:37–49.
Puspitasari AW, Seruni OCL, Nadhilah L. Identification of drug-related problems in patients with upper acute respiratory tract infections in Tebet subdistrict health center. Int J App Pharm 2020;12:69–73.
Methi F, Størdal K, Telle K, Larsen VB. Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 0 – 5 Years for 2017 / 2023 2023;9:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.822985.
Sari NKP, Sutrisno R. Studi rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik dan interaksi obat pada pasien anak terdiagnosis ISPA di instalasi rawat jalan RSUD Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Pontianak tahun 2018. J Mhs Farm Untan 2020;4:1–10.
Zulfa IM, Yunitasari FD, Dewi SK. Potential drug-drug interactions analysis in children outpatients with bronchopneumonia in primary health care. Borneo J Pharm 2020;3:88–95. https://doi.org/10.35334/bjop.v3i2.1316.
Hidayah N, Salsabila S. Drug Related Problems (DRPs) study of ARI treatment in pediatrics at primary clinic Bogor Regency. Saintek Farma 2025;1:1–10.
Hassanzad M, Tashayoie Nejad S, Mahboobipour AA, Salem F, Baniasadi S. Potential drug-drug interactions in hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory disorders: a retrospective review of clinically important interactions. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020;6:7. https://doi.org/10.1515/dmpt-2019-0012.
Anderson BJ. Pharmacokinetics in children. MSD Man Prof Ed 2025.
Rolsma SL, Blackman M, Beck C, Dbouk A, Morovia F, Glover F, et al. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Target Attainment of Cefepime in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients. Open Forum Infect Dis 2026;13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag069.
Rao C, Shenoy V, Udaykumar P. Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2019;6:7. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpp.JPP_27_19.
Sinata HT, Nuryanti S. Potensi interaksi obat pada pasien pneumonia anak. J Farm Higea 2024;16:45–52. https://doi.org/10.54388/jfh.v16i1.503.
Stockley IH. Stockley’s Drug Interactions, 12th edition. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2019.